Cynisme...

Trouvé chez JA: "...le cynisme du modèle anglo-saxon..." (Commentateur Patrice)

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynisme_(psychologie)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynicism_(contemporary)

Cynicism in contemporary times

Modern cynicism has been defined as an attitude of distrust toward claimed ethical and social values and a rejection of the need to be socially involved.[5] It is pessimistic in regards to the capacity of human beings to make the correct ethical choice, and one antonym is naiveté.[6] Modern cynicism is sometimes regarded as a product of mass society, especially in those circumstances where the individual believes there is a conflict between society's stated motives and goals and actual motives and goals.[7][8]

Unlike mere depression, cynicism can be said to be more active; in his bestselling Critique of Cynical Reason, Peter Sloterdijk defined modern cynics as "borderline melancholics, who can keep their symptoms of depression under control and yet retain the ability to work, whatever might happen ... indeed, this is the essential point in modern cynicism: the ability of its bearers to work - in spite of anything that might happen."[9] One active aspect of cynicism is the desire to expose hypocrisy and to point out the gulf between society's ideals and its practices.[10] This may be best stated by George Bernard Shaw, who said: "The power of accurate observation is often called cynicism, by those who don't have it".

Social cynicism results from excessively high expectations concerning society, institutions and authorities: unfulfilled expectations lead to disappointment, which releases feelings of disillusionment and betrayal.[11]

In organizations, cynicism manifests itself as a general or specific attitude, characterized by frustration, hopelessness, disillusionment and distrust in regard to economic or governmental organizations, managers and/or other aspects of work.[12]

7."Cynicism promotes and is a product of mass society. It makes economic, political, and cultural domination invisible, and casts serious doubts on cultural and political alternatives." Jeffrey C. Goldfarb, 1991, The Cynical Society: The Culture of Politics and the Politics of Culture in American Life, page 30. University of Chicago Press
8.^ "cynicism appears in the space left empty by mass culture's retreat from politics itself. Political engagement has no option, apparently, but to be cynical..." Timothy Bewes, (1997), Cynicism and Postmodernity, page 3. Verso
9.^ Peter Sloterdijk, (1987), Critique of Cynical Reason, page 5
10.^ Mary Midgley, The problem of humbug, in Matthew Kieran, (1998), Media Ethics, page 37, Routledge.
11.^ Donald L. Kanter and Philip H. Mirvis, (1989). The Cynical Americans - Living and Working in an Age of Discontent and Disillusion. San Francisco
12.^ Andersson, L. M.; Bateman, T. S. (1997). "Cynicism in the workplace: Some causes and effects". Journal of Organizational Behavior 18: 449–469.

Further reading [edit]