Public sphere... Les médias et les médias et le reste... Quelle légitimité finalement?...

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Definitions of the Public Sphere

What does it mean that something is “public”? Jürgen Habermas says, “We call events and occasions ‘public’ when they are open to all, in contrast to closed or exclusive affairs”[11]

This notion of the public becomes evident in terms such as public health, public education, public opinion or public ownership. They are opposed to the notions of private health, private education, private opinion, and private ownership. The notion of the public is intrinsically connected to the notion of the private.

Habermas[12] stresses that the notion of the public is related to the notion of the common. For Hannah Arendt,[13] the public sphere is therefore “the common world” that “gathers us together and yet prevents our falling over each other”.

Habermas defines the public sphere as a “society engaged in critical public debate”.[14] Conditions of the public sphere are according to Habermas:[15] [16]

The formation of public opinion
All citizens have access
Conference in unrestricted fashion (based on the freedom of assembly, the freedom of association, the freedom to expression and publication of opinions) about matters of general interest, which implies freedom from economic and political control.
Debate over the general rules governing relations

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According to Jürgen Habermas, there are two types of actors without whom no political public sphere could be put to work: professionals in the media system and politicians.[49] For Habermas, there are five types of actors who make their appearance on the virtual stage of an established public sphere:

(a) Lobbyists who represent special interest groups;

(b) Advocates who either represent general interest groups or substitute for a lack of representation of marginalized groups that are unable to voice their interests effectively;

(c) Experts who are credited with professional or scientific knowledge in some specialized area and are invited to give advice;

(d) Moral entrepreneurs who generate public attention for supposedly neglected issues;

(e) Intellectuals who have gained, unlike advocates or moral entrepreneurs, a perceived personal reputation in some field (e.g., as writers or academics) and who engage, unlike experts and lobbyists, spontaneously in public discourse with the declared intention of promoting general interests.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_sphere

Qui fait quoi aujourd'hui? Est-ce que ce sont toujours les mêmes? Est-ce que ce sera toujours auX journalistes et à certains politiques et autres de raconter le monde? Et de faire marcher le monde comme ils l'entendent... Toujours un peu les mêmes... Toujours un peu les mêmes... Toujours un peu les mêmes... Serons-nous capables de penser un jour de par nous-mêmes, toutes seulEs, la machine, notre amie, peut aider car le progrès nous y a invité(e)s. Se faire entendre simplement... Sommes-nous bien lu(e)s(question de genre;))? Que nous dit la postmodernité? Que dit la postmodernité sur le mot légitimité à l'heure des nouvelles technologies bien comprises et de l'innovation où de la richesse est crééE?...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_opinion