http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Déontologie_du_journalisme... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards...

Sur la presse entre les mains des Flamands. Sur la presse en général.

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Self-regulation

In addition to codes of ethics, many news organizations maintain an in-house Ombudsman whose role is, in part, to keep news organizations honest and accountable to the public. The ombudsman is intended to mediate in conflicts stemming from internal and or external pressures, to maintain accountability to the public for news reported, and to foster self-criticism and to encourage adherence to both codified and uncodified ethics and standards. This position may be the same or similar to the public editor, though public editors also act as a liaison with readers and do not generally become members of the Organisation of News Ombudsmen.

An alternative is a news council, an industry-wide self-regulation body, such as the Press Complaints Commission, set up by UK newspapers and magazines. Such a body is capable perhaps of applying fairly consistent standards, and of dealing with a higher volume of complaints, but may not escape criticisms of being toothless.

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Ethics and standards in practice

Main articles: journalism scandals, media bias, media ethics and yellow journalism

As with other ethical codes, there is a perennial concern that the standards of journalism are being ignored. One of the most controversial issues in modern reporting is media bias, particularly on political issues, but also with regard to cultural and other issues. Sensationalism is also a common complaint. Minor factual errors are also extremely common, as almost anyone who is familiar with the subject of a particular report will quickly realize.

There are also some wider concerns, as the media continue to change, for example that the brevity of news reports and use of soundbites has reduced fidelity to the truth, and may contribute to a lack of needed context for public understanding. From outside the profession, the rise of news management contributes to the real possibility that news media may be deliberately manipulated. Selective reporting (spiking, double standards) are very commonly alleged against newspapers, and by their nature are forms of bias not easy to establish, or guard against.

This section does not address specifics of such matters, but issues of practical compliance, as well as differences between professional journalists on principles.

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Further reading

Global Journalism Ethics. Ward, Stephen J.A. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010.
Media Ethics Beyond Borders: A Global Perspective. Ward, Stephen J.A. and Herman Wasserman, eds. New York: Routledge, 2010.
The Invention of Journalism Ethics: The Path to Objectivity and Beyond. Ward, Stephen J.A. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005.
Good News, Bad News - Journalism Ethics and the Public Interest (Critical Studies in Communication and in the Cultural Industries) by Jeremy Iggers (New York, Westview Press, 1998)
Journalism Ethics—A Reference Handbook (Contemporary Ethical Issues) edited by Elliot D. Cohen and Deni Elliott (Abc-Clio, 1998)
Media Ethics and Accountability progress.
Crisis of Conscience - Perspectives on Journalism Ethics. Carl Hausman. New York, Harper Collins, 1992.
Ethics & Journalism, Sanders, Karen. London, Sage Publications, 2003.
To Tell You the TRUTH—The Ethical Journalism Initiative by Aidan White (IFJ, 2008)
The Ethical Values of Journalists. Field Research among Media Professionals in Catalonia. Alsius, Salvador, ed. (2010). Generalitat de Catalunya. ISBN 978-84-393-8346-8
Ethics and Media Culture: Practices and Representations, David Berry, Focal Press, 2000.
Journalism, Ethics and Society, David Berry, Ashgate Publications, 2008.
Journalism Ethics and Regulation (3rd edtn) Frost, Chris London: Pearson Education 2011.

in: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards

P.s: Sur la liberté d'eXpression bien comprise avec la machine qui vous aide aujourd'hui. Machine empowers. C'est le progrès qui veut ça dans la postmodernité. Que veut dire le mot éthique pour les journalistes européens?