Description:
A l’heure de la mondialisation des échanges et de la multiplication des accords commerciaux régionaux (zones de libre échange, marchés communs, unions douanières…), la subsistance du phénomène douanier peut surprendre. En effet, l’administration des douanes apparaît avant tout comme la garante des intérêts économiques et fiscauX des Etats et participe à la sauvegarde de l’ordre public. Mais sa mission essentielle n’est plus seulement liée à la protection d’un espace national.
La Douane est devenue un acteur du commerce international dont elle s’efforce de favoriser le développement. Elle traduit et met en œuvre la politique commerciale des Etats et joue un rôle de premier plan dans les processus d’intégration régionale tels que ceux existant de part et d’autre de la Méditerranée.
Cet ouvrage, destiné à familiariser avec les principes et mécanismes de base de l’activité douanière ceux qui s’intéressent à titre professionnel ou scientifique aux relations commerciales internationales, apporte sur ces questions complexes un éclairage vivant et contemporain.
Auteur: Dr.Elisabeth Natarel
Pages: 160
ISBN: 978-9961-9655-1-1
Date: 2008
http://www.state.gov/statecraft/overview/index.htm, the Internet moment in international relationships:
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The disruptive social, political and economic changes that information networks have unleashed demand that diplomats ask new kinds of questions and reckon with new kinds of challenges.
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“These technologies are the platform for the communications, collaboration, and commerce of the 21st century. More importantly, they are connecting people to people, to knowledge, and to global networks.”
- U.S. Department of State QDDR, December 2010
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Another example of our innovations in development policy came in Libya. Beginning in the early months of the conflict, State Department experts worked with the rebel government in Benghazi to provide diplomatic and technical assistance to reestablish Internet access in eastern Libya. Subsequently, the new government in Tripoli established a ministry of communications and informatics including many of the technology leaders during the conflict. Our diplomats engaged immediately with the new government to provide support for a new strategy of post-conflict stabilization using information networks. A leadership team at the ministry formed a plan called “e-Libya” to increase Internet access in the country and leverage this information network as a tool to grow new businesses, deliver government services, improve education, and interconnect Libyan society. Since the Qaddafi regime denied Internet access to more than 90% of Libyans, the potential for positive social, political, and economic change through access to information networks is considerable. The State Department led a delegation of experts to Tripoli to provide concrete expertise in network architecture, law and policy, e-commerce, and e-government for the e-Libya plan. It may become a model for “digital development” through technical knowledge exchange and partnerships across the public and private sectors.
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The cornerstone of the 21st century statecraft policy agenda is Internet freedom. The policy contains three fundamental elements: the human rights of free speech, press, and assembly in cyberspace; open markets for digital goods and services to foster innovation, investment, and economic opportunity; and the freedom to connect—promoting access to connection technologies around the world. A third of the world’s population, even if they have access, live under governments that block content, censor speech, conduct invasive mass surveillance and curb the potential of the Internet as an engine of free speech and commerce. The policy of the United States is to work to promote open governments, open economies and open societies. The United States is now leading a discussion with other world leaders to develop common strategies to protect and sustain freedom and security in the Internet age.
The State Department has also actively developed a policy framework that includes many other Internet policy issues. We have worked to defend the multi-stakeholder model of Internet governance that is now under threat from national interests despite its success in stewarding the Internet as a technology with undeniable global benefits. We have created increased capacity in cyber-security within the Department and engaged around the world to establish confidence-building measures and develop common norms of understanding. And we have helped to lead an initiative with more than 50 other nations to establish the open government partnership to promote best practices for using technologies to establish greater transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in government around the world.
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"We must unlock and encourage innovation and entrepreneurship so that our personnel can find creative ways to continue to develop new partnerships, to advance multilateral and regional initiatives, to create whole-of-government solutions through better engagement and coordination with other U.S. government agencies, and to become more effective operators in the field."
- U.S. Department of State QDDR, December 2010
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The 21st century statecraft agenda was built to address a moment of transition – an era of rapid change at the intersection of technology and foreign policy. It is fundamentally about adaptability not prediction. We believe that in a world of technology that enables pervasive, disruptive social change, the work of diplomats is to increase the speed at which government can respond to that change. We are doing that by leveraging new tools for public diplomacy, experimenting with new approaches to development partnerships, enhancing our focus and expertise on technology policy issues, and improving our internal practices and skill-building to meet these challenges. If the 21st century statecraft agenda is successfully implemented, it will no longer be novel. It will no longer be called 21st century statecraft, because it will simply be statecraft. That is our goal.
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http://www.state.gov/j/gcj/indeX.htm
http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2016/01/11/20002-20160111ARTFIG00152-l-europe-accuse-la-belgique-de-favoriser-les-multinationales-par-un-regime-fiscal-illegal.php
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